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Academic References 

  • Bell, L. (2014). Ethics and Feminist Research. In S. Hesse-Biber (Ed.), Feminist Research Practice (pp. 73–107). Essay, SAGE Publications, Inc.

  • Clarity Clinic. (n.d.). LGBT Therapy. Clarity Clinic. https://claritychi.com/chicago-lgbt- community-counseling/

  • Darwin, H. (2020). Challenging the Cisgender/Transgender Binary: Nonbinary People and the Transgender Label. Gender & Society, 34(3), 357-380. https://doi.org/10.1177/0891243220912256

  • Defining LGBTQ. (2020). Retrieved November 26, 2020, from https://gaycenter.org/about/lgbtq/

  • Grzanka, P. R., & Miles, J. R. (2016). The Problem with the Phrase "Intersecting Identities": LGBT Affirmative Therapy, Intersectionality, and Neoliberalism. Sexuality Research & Social Policy, 13(4).

  • Harrison, J., Grant, J., & Herman, J. L. (2012). A Gender Not Listed Here: Genderqueers, Gender Rebels, and OtherWise in the National Transgender Discrimination Survey. LGBTQ Public Policy Journal at the Harvard Kennedy School, 2(1), 13. Retrieved from https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2zj46213

  • Harvard Health Publishing. (2006, December). Psychoanalysis: Theory and Treatment. Harvard Health Publishing: Harvard Medical School. https://www.health.harvard.edu/newsletter_article/Psychoanalysis_Theory_and_treatmen t

  • Hesse-Biber, S. (2014). Feminist Approaches to In-Depth Interviewing . In Feminist Research Practice: A Primer (pp. 182–233). Essay, SAGE Publications, Inc.

  • Lange, T. M. (2020). Trans-Affirmative Narrative Exposure Therapy (TA-NET): A Therapeutic Approach for Targeting Minority Stress, Internalized Stigma, and Trauma Reactions Among Gender Diverse Adults. Practice Innovations,5, 230-245.

  • McKinney, R., Desposito, M., & Yoon, E. (2020). Promoting Identity Wellness in LGBTGEQIAP+ Adolescents Through Affirmative Therapy. Journal of LGBT Issues in Counseling, 14(3). https://doi.org/10.1080/15538605.2020.1790464.

  • McNulty Counseling and Wellness. (2019, December 19). Don’t Feel Ashamed: Affirmation Therapy Can Boost Self-Esteem in LGBTQ Individuals. McNulty Counseling and Wellness. https://www.mcnultycounseling.com/afirmation-therapy-for-lgbtq-individuals/

  • Morris, L. (2020). “Better issues to focus on”: Transgender Microaggressions as Ethical Violations in Therapy. The Counseling Psychologist, 48(6). https://doi.org/10.1177/0011000020924391

  • Nadal, S. (2012). Interpersonal and Systemic Microaggressions Toward Transgender People: Implications for Counseling. Journal of LGBT Issues in Counseling, 6(1). https://doi.org/10.1080/15538605.2012.648583

  • Nadal, W. (2016). Microaggressions Toward Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, Queer, and Genderqueer People: A Review of the Literature. The Journal of Sex Research, 53(4-5). https://doi.org/10.1080/00224499.2016.1142495

  • Platt, L. (2020). The Presenting Concerns of Transgender and Gender Nonconforming Clients at University Counseling Centers. The Counseling Psychologist, 48(3), 407-431. https://doi.org/10.177/0011000019898680

  • Pflum, S. & Testa, R. & Balsam, K. & Goldblum, P. & Bongar, B. (2015). Social Support, Trans Community Connectedness, and Mental Health Symptoms Among Transgender and Gender Nonconforming Adults. Psychology of Sexual Orientation and Gender Diversity. 2. 281-286. http://doi.org/10.1037/sgd0000122.

  • Samuels, G. M., & Ross-Sheriff, F. (2008). Identity, Oppression, and Power: Feminisms and Intersectionality Theory. Journal of Women and Social Work, 23, 5–9.

  • Smith, S. (2012). Moving Counseling Forward on LGB and Transgender Issues: Speaking Queerly on Discourses and Microaggressions. The Counseling Psychologist, 40(3). https://doi.org/10.1177/0011000011403165

  • Sprague, J. (2016). Feminist methodologies for critical researchers: Bridging differences, (Second ed.). Rowman & Littlefield.

  • Valocchi, S. (2005). Not Yet Queer Enough: The Lessons of Queer Theory for the Sociology of Gender and Sexuality. Gender & Society, 19, 750–770.

  • Sue, D. W., & Sue, D. (2003). Counseling the culturally diverse. Theory and practice (4th ed.). New York, NY: Wiley.

  • Sue, D. W., Capodilupo, G. C., Torino, G. C., Bucceri, J. M., Holder, A. M. B., Nadal, K. L., & Esquilin, M. (2007). Racial microaggressions in everyday life: Implications for clinical practice. American Psychologist, 62(4), 271-286. doi:10.1037/0003066x.62.4.271

  • Westen, D. (1998). The Scientific Legacy of Sigmund Freud: Toward a Psychodynamically Informed Psychological Science. Psychological Bulletin, 124(3), 333-371. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.124.3.333

  • Woodruff, N., Holt, N. R., Hope, D. A., Mocarski, R., Meyer, H., & King, R. (2020). The Provider Perspective on Behavioral Health Carefor Transgender and Gender Nonconforming Individuals in the Central Great Plains: A QualitativeStudy of Approaches and Needs. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 90, 136-146.

  • Zosky, A. (2016). What’s In A Name? Exploring Use of the Word Queer as a Term of Identification Within the College-aged LGBT Community. Journal of Human Behavior in the Social Environment, 26(7-8), 597–607.https://doi.org/10.1080/10911359.2016.1238803

Definitional Elements

1. Affirmative: (In context to self-affirming results in therapy) Affirmative results in a therapeutic setting would include comprehending the validity of one's own identity and a boost in self-esteem in regard to that same identity (McNulty Counseling, 2019). The hope is to feel confident that one's identity is not a hindrance to one's life nor the lives of those around them (McNulty Counseling, 2019). Affirmation of identity will ideally lessen symptoms of severe mental illness and increase quality of life. 

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2. Gender Non-Conforming: This term has been coined in recent gendered developments within the larger LGBTQ+ community. This term is often used under the umbrella term, transgender, which describes someone who feels as though their assigned sex at birth deviates from or does not align with the gender identity they feel within themselves (Nadal et al., 2012). The term gender non-conforming alludes to an individual who does not identify within the gender binary. For the purposes of this site, we refer to these individuals as TGNC (transgender & gender non-conforming). These individuals can also be categorized as gender diverse.

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3. Therapy: (In context to LGBTQ+-specific counseling) Conducted by a counselor that is knowledgable and informed on issues related to LGBTQ+ identities. According to Clarity Clinic, a therapy office that provides LGBTQ+ therapy, the sessions typically do not focus on the specific LGBTQ+ identity itself, but rather explores the challenges that one may encounter in daily life (n.d.). Since daily experiences can be greatly influenced by these identities, being knowledgeable on the topics, and marking oneself as such when marketing their practice will be important to LGBTQ+ people who are seeking treatment. 

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4. LGBTQ+: This acronym has commonly been used to describe members of a community who do not identify within the confines of the labels "heterosexual" and/or "cisgender" (one who identifies as the gender the were given at birth). This term has been used to describe those people as lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, questioning, and/or other sexualities/gender identities not represented by the corresponding letters (i.e., the +) ("Defining LGBTQ", 2020). 

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5. Age/Age Cohorts: For purposes of our research project, we are designing this website for TGNC individuals, regardless of age group, and professional mental health clinicians. We wish to offer resources and education to TGNC individuals in need of affirmative therapeutic services, as well as guidelines and codes of ethics for mental health professionals seeking to learn methods of allyship towards this vulnerable community. 

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